Bill Joy says that our greatest danger is not from technologies that are intentionally destructive, such as atomic bombs, but from seemingly benign advancements. He believes that we will likely not destroy ourselves through some horrific new weapon; rather his view is that we will create self-replicating robots that could out-compete carbon-based life-forms, including humans. These robots would be far more efficient and intelligent than any natural species, so humans would be unable to survive their introduction and would die out. It is the Law of Unintended Consequences at work.
Joy argues that it is our lack of attention that will let this happen. Our drive for new technologies fuels this dangerous advancement, as we continue to improve our technology at breakneck speed. Our ever-increasing dependence on technology will eventually make us unable to live without it, similar to Aldous Huxley's Brave New World. In this novel, the citizens are absolutely reliant on technology, from birth (or rather, decanting) to death. They also, like the robots against which Joy warns, are carefully engineered to suit their environment.
Joy's presentation of his thesis is highly effective. He gives a realistic warning, but avoids causing panic. His purpose is not to create fear, only to prevent a possible unpleasant future. His writing is clear (if a bit long) and his occasional touch of wit keeps it readable. He substantiates his point with references to other sources, scientific, historical, and literary. Joy's way of presenting all of this makes his point clear yet not overdone.
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